Ethical Business

Footprint & Offset

Manufacturing textiles requires the burning off fossil fuels either to create electricity to power machinery and equipment or to fuel the transport of materials and people.

We break down the multiple stages involved in manufacturing and analyse the power required at each stage.

An example for an embroidered cotton bedsheet is illustrated below.

Summary of emissions per duvet cover

broken down by life cycle stage (kgCO2e/duvet cover)

Product

100% Cotton Embroidered Duvet Cover

KPI

12.3 kgCO2e per Duvet Cover

Scope	kgCO2e/duvet cover	%
Raw Materials	10.7	87%
Transportation to factories	0.13	1.1%
Production	1.4	11%
Transportation to shops	0.14	1.1%
Total	12.3	100%

Category	Item	Quantity	Unit	Source
Raw materials	Emissions fromCotton Fabric	6.78	kgCO2/Kilogram	University of Bath 2011
Raw materials	Emissions from50% Cotton/50% Polyester Fabric	5.89	kgCO2/Kilogram	University of Bath 2011/Stormberg 2008
Raw materials	Emissions from Rayon Thread	9.14	kgCO2/Kilogram	University of Bath 2011
Raw materials	Emissions fromPlastic	3.281	kgCO2e/Kilogram of Average Rigid Plastic	Defra 2011
Raw materials	Emissions from Polyester	5	kgCO2/Kilogram	Stormberg 2008
Raw materials	Emissions from Polyurethane	3	kgCO2/Kilogram	University of Bath v1.6a
Raw materials	Emissions from Polyurethane	1.94	kgCO2/Kilogram	University of Bath v1.6a
Raw materials	Emissions from PVC	2.41	kgCO2/Kilogram	University of Bath v1.6a
Raw materials	Emissions from cardboard	0.0613	kgCO2/Kilogram	FEFCO 2008
Raw materials	Emissions from wood containing paper	0.79	kgCO2/Kilogram	Paper Profiles - Ecometrica Database
Raw materials	Emissions from Plastic Film (Cotton Duvet Cover)	2.13	kgCO2/Kilogramof LDPE Film	University of Bath 2011
Raw materials	Emissions from Plastic Film (Poly Cotton Duvet Cover)	2.6	kgCO2/Kilogramof LDPE Film
Raw materials	Emissions from Paper Bag	0.246	kgCO2e/Kilogramof Kraft Paper	Paper Profiles - Ecometrica Database
Transportation to factories	Emissions for rigid diesel trucks	0.31204	kgCO2e/ Tonne.Kilometre	Defra 2011
Production	Emissions from grid electricity in China	0.93743	kgCO2e/ Kilowatt Hour	Defra 2011
Production	Emissions attributed to systems disposing of recycled waste	0	kgCO2e/Kilogram of recycled waste
Production	Emissions from landfilled plastic	34	kgCO2e/ Tonne
Production	Emissions from Waste Landfill	40.1	kgCH4/ Metric Tonne	IPCC (2006). Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual
Transportation to shops	Emissions from Air Freight Deliveries	1337	kgCO2/ Tonne Kilometre	Defra/DECC (2011). Guidelines to Defra/DECC’s GHG conversion factors for company reporting
Transportation to shops	Emissions from Sea Freight Deliveries	0.00349	kgCO2/ Tonne Kilometre	Defra/DECC (2011). Guidelines to Defra/DECC’s GHG conversion factors for company reporting

A Closer Look

To bring the manufacturing process to life, opposite you’ll see the steps taken to produce our carbon neutral products; taking you on a journey from seed to store.

RAW MATERIAL
cotton fabric
6.78 kgC02/ Kilogram

RAW MATERIAL
synthetic fabric
1.94-3 kgC02/ Kilogram

RAW MATERIAL
rayon thread
9.14 kgC02/ Kilogram

RAW MATERIAL
polyester label
5 kgC02/ Kilogram

PRODUCTION
grid electricity in China
0.93743 kgCO2e/Kilowatt Hour

TRANSPORTATION
raw material delivery
0.31204 kgC02e/ Tonne Kilometre

RAW MATERIAL
plastic button
3.281 kg CO2e/Kilogram of average rigid plastic

PRODUCTION
grid electricity in China
0.93743 kgCO2e/Kilowatt Hour

RAW MATERIALS
waste landfill
40.1 kgCH4/Metric Tonne

PRODUCTION
embroidery
0.93743 kgCO2e/Kilowatt Hour

PRODUCTION
sewing
0.93743 kgCO2e/Kilowatt Hour

TRANSPORTATION
truck to port
0.31204 kgC02e/ Tonne Kilometre

RAW MATERIALS
cardboard / pvc bag
0.0613 / 0.79 kg CO2e/Kilogram

PRODUCTION
ironing
0.93743 kgCO2e/Kilowatt Hour

PRODUCTION
washing and drying
0.93743 kgCO2e/Kilowatt Hour

TRANSPORTATION
outgoing deliveries
1.1337 kgC02e/ Tonne Kilometre

TRANSPORTATION
delivery to shops
0.00349 kgC02e/ Tonne Kilometre

Small World Offsets from January 2013 to date

Period	Offset (VCUs)	Ratio of Emission vs Sales Amount (VCU per HKD)	Offset Perform	CDM Project
Jan 2024 - Mar 2024	5842			"CDM Project ID001 Reduction by Thermal Oxidation of HF23"
Oct 2022 - Dec 2023	38922			"CDM Project ID346 Biomass Power Plant"
Jul 2022 - Sep 2022	8060			"CDM Project ID6381 Hydropower Project"
Jan 2022 - Jun 2022	12996			"CDM Project ID7943 Wind Power Project"
Jul 2021 - Dec 2021	21713		CTX	"CDM Project ID1966 Hydroelectric Station"
Jan 2021 - Jun 2021	12420		Verra	"CDP Project ID1938 Navigation and Power Generation Project"
Jan 2020 - Dec 2020	23342			"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Jan 2017 - Mar 2019	16660			"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Apr 2013 - Sep 2016	15509			"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Apr 2019 - Dec 2019	22510	Reset ratio in Mar 19 Actual Emission 2124VCUs Ratio:0.1128		"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Oct 2018 - Mar 2019	9094			"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Jul 2018 - Sep 2018	5313			"CDM Project ID6580 Wind Farm Project"
Oct 2016 - Jun 2018	21586	"Reset ratio in Sep 16 Actual Emission: 1081 VCUs Ratio 0.0753"		"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Apr 2016 - Sep 2016	8251			"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Oct 2015 - Mar 2016	10040			"CDM Project ID6580 Wind Farm Project"
Oct 2013 - Sep 2015	39807			"CDM Project ID4901 Hydroelectric Station"
Jan 2013 - Sep 2013	15516	Emission in 2012: 22513VCUs Ratio: 0.0615	Markit	"CDM Project ID3670 Wind Power Project"
Total	287581